Cologuard is a non-invasive colorectal cancer screening test that is designed to detect the presence of precancerous polyps and colorectal cancer by analyzing a person's stool sample. Here's how Cologuard works:
1. **Sample Collection**: The individual collects a small stool sample at home using a kit provided by their healthcare provider. The kit contains everything needed to collect the sample, including detailed instructions.
2. **DNA and Blood Testing**: The stool sample is then sent to a laboratory where it undergoes advanced testing. Cologuard uses a combination of DNA analysis and blood testing to detect certain genetic mutations and biomarkers associated with colorectal cancer and precancerous polyps.
3. **DNA Analysis**: The laboratory analyzes the DNA extracted from the stool sample to identify specific genetic mutations that are commonly found in colorectal cancer and precancerous polyps.
4. **Blood Testing**: Cologuard also tests the stool sample for the presence of blood, which can be an indicator of colorectal cancer or other gastrointestinal conditions.
5. **Results**: After the laboratory completes the testing, the results are sent to the healthcare provider who ordered the test. The healthcare provider then shares the results with the individual and discusses any necessary follow-up steps.
It's important to note that while Cologuard is highly sensitive for detecting colorectal cancer and precancerous polyps, it is not a replacement for diagnostic colonoscopy. If Cologuard detects abnormalities, further evaluation with a diagnostic colonoscopy may be recommended to confirm the findings and guide appropriate treatment. Additionally, individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors may require more frequent screening or additional testing. Always consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate screening strategy for your individual needs.